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GlossaryHickory
Veneer Specification
Description
Hickory is a very high density hardwood with large open pores and coarse surface texture. Sapwood is off-white to light tan in color and often fades with exposure to light. The heartwood can range from pale brown to reddish brown to dark brown in color. The transition between sapwood and heartwood is often stark in appearance. Hickory's grain can range in color from tan to dark brown. The grain pattern of plain cut/sliced veneer is mainly straight with moderately consistent widths and spacing. Hickory may also exhibit wavy and irregular grain patterns mostly resulting from burl's and knots. The inclusion of sapwood and heartwood often results in a bold visual statement with stark contrasting colors and striking grain patterns.
Woodport Grade
Select. Uniformity Density = 2.0/Square Foot.
Veneer shall be composed of both sapwood and heartwood. Care must be taken to not use only sapwood or heartwood, unless specified. Components utilizing multiple flitches shall be selected and matched to maximize visual features of the species. Book match splicing should be utilized when possible to best match color and grain patterns. Desire a finished appearance which is bold, yet, generally pleasing to the eye. Veneer shall not contain any grey, purple or dark brown stains. No open knots, voids, splits, bark pockets, worm holes or areas of decay. Figuring must blend with the surrounding flitch color. Figuring and natural characteristics shall be limited in size and occurrence. Cross bar, curly or spalted figuring not allowed. All figuring and natural characteristics must appear random, not patterned across the surface of the finished component.
Not Allowed
- Bark Pockets
- Cracks/Checks
- Decay/Dry Rot
- Bird Peck (voids)
- Honeycomb
- Knot holes (voids)
- Open Defects (voids)
- Ruptured Grain
- Ruptured Shake
- Worm Holes (voids)
- Worm Tracks
- Solid Red Color
- Brown Stains
- Grey Stains
- Purple Stains
- Cross Bar (figuring)
- Curly (figuring)
- Spalted (figuring)
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Allowed
Knife / Machining Marks:
Shallow surface imperfections in veneer flitch which may be removed through light surface sanding are allowable.
Blended:
Small conspicuous burls, circular displacements and grain swirls are allowable up to a maximum of 5/8" diameter. Must be sound/tight, (no voids). All figures to blend with the natural veneer flitch color. Figures which are very dark brown or black in color are not acceptable. No figure to produce a shimmered veneer surface texture. Minimal number of figures desired. Maximum number per finished component size as follows:
| Number Allowable | Panels | Stiles & Rails |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | Widths up to 13" | Lengths up to 12" |
| 1 | Widths 14" - 24" | Lengths 13" - 45" |
| 2 | Widths 25" and up | Lengths 46" and up |
Knots:
All knots must be sound/tight and closed, (no voids). Prefer knots to blend with the natural veneer flitch color. Dark brown and black colored knot centers as specified. Must not appear patterned on finished veneer component. Minimal number of knots desired. Maximum number allowable per grouping as stated below.
Knots, Pin:
Maximum of 1/8" diameter. Dark brown and black colored centers up to 1/16" in diameter are allowable.
| Number Allowable | Panels | Stiles & Rails |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | Widths up to 7" | Lengths up to 12" |
| 3 | Widths 8" - 13" | Lengths 13" - 45" |
| 4 | Widths 14" - 24" | Lengths 46" - 81" |
| 5 | Widths 25" and Up | Lengths 82" and Up |
Knots, Sounds/Tight:
Maximum of 3/8" diameter. Dark brown and black colored centers up to 1/16" in diameter are allowable. Must not be tightly grouped or patterned. Sound/tight knots are not a highly desirable characteristic and should be minimized.
| Number Allowable | Panels | Stiles & Rails |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Widths up to 13" | Lengths up to 12" |
| 2 | Widths 14" - 24" | Lengths 13" - 45" |
| 3 | Widths 25" and Up | Lengths 46" and Up |
Knots, Cluster
Maximum of 5/8" diameter across the overall grouping. Clusters with up to (3) knots are allowed. Knot clusters must not be tightly grouped or patterned. Knot clusters are not highly desired characteristic and should be minimized.
| Number Allowable | Panels | Stiles & Rails |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Widths up to 13" | Lengths up to 12" |
| 2 | Widths 14" - 24" | Lengths 13" - 45" |
| 3 | Widths 25" and Up | Lengths 46" and Up |
Mineral Stain:
Diffused (non-solid color) mineral stains which are dark brown or black in color are allowable up to 3/16" in width and 2" in length. Stains which are grey or purple in color are not acceptable. Mineral stains shall not be tightly grouped or patterned. Not a highly desired characteristic. The number of stains should be minimized. Maximum number per finished component size as follows:
| Number Allowable | Panels | Stiles & Rails |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | Widths up to 13" | Lengths up to 12" |
| 1 | Widths 14" - 24" | Lengths 13" - 45" |
| 2 | Widths 25" and Up | Lengths 46" and Up |
Mineral Streak:
Naturally occurring mineral streaks and small non-repairable voids which appear as solid dark brown or black colored lines are allowed. Must be oriented with the grain of the veneer. Allowable up to 1/32" in width, (heavy pencil line), and 3/4" in length. May be contained within a diffused mineral stain. Streaks shall not be tightly grouped or patterned. Must not detract from overall pleasing to the eye finished component appearance. Unlimited number of streaks allowed.
| Number Allowable | Panels | Stiles & Rails |
|---|---|---|
| Unlimited | All Widths | All Length |
Sugar Stains/Streaks
Naturally occurring in species. Stains/streaks may be of various widths and lengths. Can appear as either diffused or solid colored line. Must be oriented with grain of veneer. Cross grain stains and streaks are not acceptable. Select veneer to minimize occurrence. Must not be tightly grouped or patterned. Size and occurrence must not detract from the overall finished component appearance. Maximum allowable per grouping as stated.
Sugar Stain:
Diffused, non-solid dull brown to orange brown color. Allowable to 3/16" in width and 2" in length. May not contain any solid line color. Minimal number of sugar stains desired.
| Number Allowable | Panels | Stiles & Rails |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | Widths up to 13" | Lengths up to 12" |
| 1 | Widths 14" - 24" | Lengths 13" - 45" |
| 2 | Widths 25" and Up | Lengths 46" and Up |
Sugar Streak:
Solid line of dull brown to orange brown color. Widths to 1/32" are allowed. Must not exceed 3" in length. Streaks must be oriented with the grain of the veneer. Number of streaks will vary per flitch. Must not be conspicuous or conflict with overall finished component appearance. Minimal number of streaks desired. Unlimited number of streaks allowable.
| Number Allowable | Panels | Stiles & Rails |
|---|---|---|
| Unlimited | All Widths | All Lengths |
Veneer Splicing
Veneer shall be spliced to provide a pleasing to the eye appearance. Veneer shall be composed of Heartwood flitches selected to best match color and grain pattern. Veneer with Benin vertical figuring shall be book matched spliced. All veneer shall be spliced so as not to create a unnatural or stark contrast of color, grain or figure. Veneer grain shall be oriented vertically with length of component. Flitches shall not be trimmed or spliced through a figure, knot or stain greater than 1/16" in width.
Veneer Flitch Sizing
Minimum Flitch Width Allowed: 5"
Widths up to 7": No splice allowed
Widths 8" - 13": One splice allowed, centered to overall sheet width. Trim final veneer sheet from both sides to provide flitches of nearly equal width, (+/- 1/4"), and balanced finished appearance.
Widths 14" and Up: Minimum 5" flitch width. Not to exceed 5 total flitches per finished veneer sheet. Individual veneer flitches shall be nearly equal in width, (+/- 1/4"), to provide a balanced appearance.
Veneer Glue Line
Glue line shall be continuous, structurally sound with no separation or voids between flitches. Glue line must not be visible after finish sanding. Minimize excess adhesive on surfaces of veneer flitch and finished component.
| Veneer Specifications: | Panel | Stiles & Rails | Flat |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grade (HPVA): | Veneer Grade A/B | Veneer Grade A/B | Veneer Grade B |
| Thickness: | 1/42" or (0.0238") | 1/24" or (0.0417") | 1/42" of (0.0238") |
| Thickness Tolerance: | +/- (.005") | +/- (.005") | +/- (.007") |
| Moisture Content: | 5 - 10% | 5 - 10% | 5 - 10% |
| Spliced Width Tolerance: | +/- (1/16") | +/- (1/16") | +/- (1/16") |
| Length Tolerance: | +/- (1/16") | +/- (1/16") | +/- (1/16") |
| Cutting Method: | Plain Sliced | Plain Sliced | Plain Sliced |